In the middle of II millenium BC the arias which have grounded in a valley of Ganges the states to VII—VI centuries BC In V century BC in a valley of Ganges have come to Northern India from the Central Asia through pool of Indus there were some small states at enmity among themselves. In IV century BC on the northwest of India Alexander the Great armies have come, successfully having overcome a resistance of the tribes living in a valley of Indus. However in a valley of Ganges the situation by this time has varied. Tsars of the state Magadha have united the small states in one strong and have mirrored a Greek-Macedonian attack. Soon the power in Magadhe was captured by Chandragupta from a sort Maurev, and at its grandson Ashoke (III century BC) tsars Magadhi corrected already almost all India (except the south of Hindustan), and their state usually name as empire Maurev. The powerful state Maurev has broken up in the beginning of II century BC and began to be exposed to attacks of Scythians, Greeks and so forth In I century d.C. in Northwest India there is the huge empire Kushan which has reached of the greatest power in II—III centuries d.C. when into its structure entered Afghanistan, the Central Asia and the Indian territories to the river Narbada. In IV century d.C. the state Magadha has again united Northern India, and by name its ruling dynasty name as empire Gupt. During this period the architectural treatise “Manasara” is completed. In a design of cities exclusive division is accurately mirrored. In V century d.C. in India the science has been highly developed. Digits (and positional system of using as them) which we use and we name Arabian, are borrowed Arabs, but Arabs have adopted them for Indians. The main invention of Old Indian mathematicians — introduction in digital system of zero. Ancient Indian tribes spoke different languages, but all derivated people knew a uniform literary language — a Sanskrit playing India the same uniting role, as Latin in medieval Europe. On a Sanskrit wrote art and religious works, laws and scientific compositions. The grammar of a Sanskrit made by the Indian scientist in V in BC, — the most ancient grammar on the earth. The poet and the playwright of V century d.C. Kalidasa has played the same role in the Indian literature, as Shakespeare and Pushkin in the European. Intrusion ýôòàëèòñêèõ tribes from the northwest in V century has d.C. led to empire decline. In territory of plateau the Dean alternately arose and kingdoms Satavahanov, Vakatakov and Pallavov broke up, in the south in the first centuries of our era the state Chera has towered.