The first tracks of appearance of agriculture in territory of Egypt concern a neolith epoch (7 thousand years BC), however characteristic features for a civilisation appear only by VI millenium BC the Person has started to pass in these parts to settled way of life, the cattle breeding and agriculture actively developed, subjects of a funeral cult have started to be made of a terracotta, there was a potter’s craft. To bridle Nile, to make its controlled, people have started to erect coastal dams, to construct drainage channels, to fill cross dams (3300 BC). In first half IV millenia the system of an irrigation which dominated to the middle of XX century is definitively added. In second half IV millenia BC« íîìû »— separate äîãîñóäàðñòâåííûå the societies which have been added round irrigational systems, have united in the Verhne-Egyptian and Nizhne-Egyptian kingdoms. The city of Ierakonpol, and Northern — Buto became centre of Southern (Upper) Egypt. The Drevneegipetsky letter did not transfer the vowel sounds, therefore all names and names are traditionally given in an Ancient Greek transcription which considerably altered original sounding. The history of Ancient Egypt can be divided into the periods Ancient (end IV—III a millenium BC). An average (till XVI century BC) and New kingdoms (till the end of XI century BC). Select also 3050—2715 BC, time of board I and II dynasties, during the so-called Early period which preceded the Ancient kingdom. The founder of the first Egyptian dynasty and the combiner of Egypt the semilegendary tsar Less (Mine) (2950 BC) is considered. Still Menesu is assigned the basis of “White walls» (Memphis) — cities on the left coast of Nile, the main basic fortress inspecting Delta. Long-term wars in the north were completed by a definitive victory at the tsar of II dynasty of Hasehemui (2660 BC) which, having deleted to 50 thousand northerners, has severely suppressed revolt in the Lower Egypt. With the termination of dynastic struggle and against a south victory the epoch of the Ancient kingdom (2715-2192 BC) actually starts An epoch of pyramids when Memphis becomes capital of Egypt. One of names of this city (Het-ka-birds-manors of the double the Bird) in the Greek pronunciation sounded as Ajgjuptos that has given the modern name of the country — Egypt. At the head of the added uniform Egyptian state there was a tsar as whom in the literature name as the Pharaoh (this term more often has come from the Greek language).