Portugueses have arrived to Brazil in April, 1500 in structure expedition Pedro Alvaresa Kabrala. Having faced tribes of Indians, Portugueses tried to involve them on the side or to delete by force of arms.To the middle of XVI century of Brazil the modest place in expansion schedules of Portugal which aspired to develop trade with the east was taken away. The first attempt of colonisation of Brazil has been undertaken by the king Don Zhoao III by means of establishment of hereditary feudal possession - êàïèòàíèé. At the Atlantic coast of the country there was variety of the ground possession mainly fixed to representatives of the small estate nobility from mother country.Experiment was completed by failure because of economic problems and constant attacks of natives. For geopolitical reasons Portugal has made a choice in favour of the centralised system of the board which have become history under the name of the General Governorship which was allocated to Salvador - present capital of staff of Baija (1549). Despite it, the power of governor generals has been strongly limited, as they had to deal with the population disseminated on extensive territories.Interest of Portugal to an overseas colony has become aggravated again as a result of exhausting of further possibilities of maintenance of plantations of a sugar cane on islands of the Atlantic coast of Africa. It has coincided with growth of consumption of sugar in the western Europe. The production of sugar adjusted in the northeast of Brazil (states of Pernambuco and Baija), became a basis of the Brazilian economy oriented for export of production of agriculture.The economy grounded on production of a monoculture, was at the bottom of the first inconsistencies which have arisen between manufacturers of a sugar cane and exporters of production by which all colonial period in the history of Brazil has been marked. In international trade Portugueses have given in to the Dutch merchants inspecting the European commodity markets.