The natives migrating on continent about 40 thousand years ago were the first inhabitants of Australia. Though the Chinese, Malayan, Indonesian and Arabian seafarers, probably, landed on northern coast of Australia till 1000 d.C., the West has learnt about it only in XVII century Till this time Australia existed as the mythical Southern earth in which searches many seafarers were engaged. The first Dutches in the beginning of XVII century have opened continent, however because of remoteness of Australia complete research has been completed only in the beginning of XIX century by Englishmen. Australia long time was considered as an unattractive place for colonisation, but with loss of the North America Great Britain has made to organise solution in Australia settlements of the convicts, therefore criminals and their jailers were the first constant settlers of Australia. By 1830 Great Britain has subordinated to itself all continent, and in Australia there were first free settlers. On January, 1st, 1901 the Australian Union which has acquired the right of self-management as a part of Commonwealth of the nations has been proclaimed. In 1967 the civil rights have been given the Australian natives.